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Research Theme

Tax, Conflict, and Fragility

In fragile and conflict-affected settings, taxation is not only a source of revenue but also a critical foundation for building state legitimacy, strengthening public authority, and fostering more equitable governance. Our research explores how taxation functions in fragile settings, examining the challenges, risks, and opportunities it presents for peacebuilding, state-building, and citizen engagement. We aim to inform more coherent and context-sensitive policy approaches that support sustainable development and effective governance in fragile states.

Our work focuses both on how formal tax systems operate in fragile settings, as well as on the informal fiscal systems that often exist in these contexts. This includes, but is not limited to, work on:

• Building tax systems in fragile contexts
• The relationship between tax and state-building
• Armed group taxation
• Informal taxation
• Roadblock taxation

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Led By

Tax, Conflict, and Fragility Library

Journal Article

Not-so-Freeway: A Relational Approach to Checkpoints and Conflict in Northeast India

March 2026
Shalaka Thakur

Book

Elgar Encyclopedia of African Politics Chapter 82: Taxation and state-building

March 2026
Vanessa van den Boogaard, Tanya Bandula-Irwin

Partner Publication

Beyond the state, but reinforcing it? Informal tax institutions and state legitimacy in the Democratic Republic of Congo

February 2026
Vanessa van den Boogaard, Yannick Lokaya Bokasola, Gayatri Sahgal, Caleb Jérémie Dohou

Working Paper

Variations in Accountability Systems of Informal Taxation Across Regions in Kaduna State, Nigeria

February 2026
Jacob Aondohemba Iormbagah

Journal Article

Predatory Peace: Fiscal Fragmentation and Coercive Statebuilding in South Sudan and Beyond

January 2026
Matthew Benson

Journal Article

The state-capital nexus in fragile contexts: a case study of tax relations in Somalia

August 2025
Gayatri Sahgal

Research in Brief

Taxing the Rich in Haiti: Evidence from a Survey Experiment on Property Tax Preferences

April 2025
Ana Isabel López García, Sarah Berens

Research in Brief

The Political Economy of Taxation in Somalia: Historical Legacies, Informal Institutions, and Political Settlements

April 2025
Vanessa van den Boogaard, Najibullah Nor Isak

Working Paper

Taxing the Wealthy in Haiti: Evidence from a Survey Experiment on Property Tax Preferences

March 2025
Ana Isabel López García, Sarah Berens

Partner Publication

Checkpoints, Transnational Trade, and Conflict

March 2025
Peer Schouten

Research in Brief

Tax Revenue Mobilisation in Conflict-affected Developing Countries

February 2025
Vanessa van den Boogaard, Wilson Prichard, Nikola Milicic, Matthew Benson, Deanndre Chen

Partner Publication

‘Escaping Isn’t for Everyone’: Kurdish Smugglers’ Navigational Tactics at Checkpoints in Iran

October 2024
Peyman Zinati

Webinar

28 October 2026 – 14:00

•

Timezone: UTC+2

As of 2024, 50% of the world’s extreme poor lived in fragility, conflict and violence affected countries, and this figure is only projected to increase in the coming years. Fragile and conflict-affected contexts present some of the most complex challenges

Virtual

30 June 2026 – 14:00

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Timezone: Europe/London

This webinar launches the Development and Change special issue, The Politics of Passage: Checkpoints and Authority amidst Conflict, drawing on the Roadblocks and Revenues research series.

Current

The Logic of Armed Group Taxation

Start date: 15/10/2020
Najibullah Nor Isak
View bio
Research Affiliate
Samuel Jibao
View bio
Research Affiliate
Tanya Bandula-Irwin
View bio
Research Affiliate
Wilson Prichard
View bio
Associate Research Fellow, ICTD and Chair, LoGRI

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