Tax and Informality

Research Theme

Informality and Tax

While research has historically focused on formal systems of taxation and user fees, there is mounting evidence of the importance of “informal” taxation for average taxpayers in much of Africa. While lying outside of statutory laws, the “tax-like” payments – which include informal user fees, informal contributions to community development projects, and informal payments to both state and non-state officials – impose a significant burden on many taxpayers, while playing a critical role in financing local public goods and services and shaping broader local governance.

Our research aims to map the extent, composition and experiences of these payments, and to understand their implications for livelihoods, fiscal decentralisation, service delivery and broader local governance reform. One strand of our work looks closely at taxation in fragile settings, examining the challenges, risks, and opportunities it presents for peacebuilding, state-building, and citizen engagement.

We have also established a Community of Practice on Informality and Tax, a global network of practitioners and scholars committed to improving both knowledge and policy on how tax authorities engage with informal economies.

Tax and Informality

Led By

Informality and Tax Library

Research in Brief

Norms, Power, and the Socially Embedded Realities of Market Taxation in Northern Ghana

August 2025
Wilson Prichard, Vanessa van den Boogaard, Tracy Beyuo

Working Paper

Unpacking Informality for Tax Purposes: Evidence from Urban Zimbabwe

August 2025
Abel Gwaindepi, Hellen Venganai

Research in Brief

The Politics of Passage: Roadblocks, Taxation, and Control in Conflict

August 2025
Peer Schouten, Max Gallien, Shalaka Thakur, Vanessa van den Boogaard, Florian Weigand, Tracy Beyuo

Research in Brief

Unpacking Informality for Tax Purposes: Evidence from Urban Zimbabwe

August 2025
Abel Gwaindepi, Hellen Venganai

Research in Brief

Informality, Tax, and Markets in Kinshasa: Everyday Realities and Resistance

August 2025
Yannick Lokaya Bokasola, Eddy Junior Ngwakoyo, Gayatri Sahgal, Vanessa van den Boogaard

Working Paper

Informality, Tax, and Markets in Kinshasa: Everyday Realities and Resistance

May 2025
Yannick Lokaya Bokasola, Eddy Junior Ngwakoyo, Gayatri Sahgal, Vanessa van den Boogaard

Research in Brief

The Political Economy of Taxation in Somalia: Historical Legacies, Informal Institutions, and Political Settlements

April 2025
Vanessa van den Boogaard, Najibullah Nor Isak

Partner Publication

Checkpoints, Transnational Trade, and Conflict

March 2025
Peer Schouten

Factsheet

Zakat Payments in Pakistan Exceed State Social Protection

March 2025
Max Gallien, Umair Javed, Vanessa van den Boogaard

Policy Brief

Tax and Gender: Why Informality Matters

March 2025
Max Gallien, Eugénie Ribault, Michael Rogan, Vanessa van den Boogaard

Policy Brief

Simplified Taxation in Africa: What We Know – and Need to Know

February 2025
Max Gallien, Christopher Hoy, Hitomi Komatsu, Ceren Ozer, Michael Rogan, Vanessa van den Boogaard

Research in Brief

Social Protection, Community Participation and State-citizen Relations: Evidence from a Cash Transfer Programme in South-central Somalia

February 2025
Vanessa van den Boogaard, Fabrizio Santoro, Michael Walker, Tracy Beyuo

In person

26 October 2022 – 15:00

•

Timezone: Europe/Helsinki

Katajanokanlaituri 6b, Helsinki, Finland
Giulia Mascagni presents at the WIDER Seminar Series on 26 October 2022 in Finland. Register today for this hybrid event!

Virtual

3 May 2022 – 17:00

•

Timezone: Europe/London

We are thrilled to officially launch the ‘Routledge Handbook of Smuggling’ with an introduction by its editors, some of its authors, and a discussion of key issues in the contemporary study of smuggling. Confirmed speakers: Max Gallien, Research Fellow, Institute

Virtual

11 May 2021 – 14:00

•

Timezone: Europe/London

This upcoming webinar, Informal taxation and community-driven development: Evidence from south-central Somalia, is part of a series of 5 seminars on Tax and Development jointly organised by the Chr. Michelsen Institute and the TaxCapDev-network. The webinar series features ongoing research

15 July 2020 – 14:00

•

Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Library Road, Falmer, Brighton, UK

COVID-19 has had a huge impact on the health and economies of countries all over the world. Some of the hardest hit have been low-income informal sector workers. This event will discuss the impacts the global pandemic has had so

Current

Traditional Leaders, Taxation, and Statebuilding in Sierra Leone

Start date: 01/04/2024

Current

Informal Taxation and Gender in the Informal Economy in Accra

Start date: 30/09/2021

Current

The Logic of Armed Group Taxation

Start date: 15/10/2020

Completed

The Role of Fiscal Policies in Cannabis Legalisation: Learning from Malawi’s Experience

Start date: 01/06/2024

Completed

Aiding the War & Neglecting Citizens: International Donor Policy

Start date: 07/09/2022

Completed

Not-so-freeway- informal taxation and the everyday cost of conflict in Northeast India

Start date: 02/11/2022

Completed

Taxpayer engagement and government accountability in Kenya

Start date: 01/11/2022

Completed

Informal taxation and gender in the informal economy in Accra

Start date: 01/11/2022

Completed

Assessing the capability of market vendors in promoting good tax governance in local councils in Malawi

Start date: 01/11/2022

Completed

Taliban Taxation System in Afghanistan

Start date: 01/02/2021

Completed

What is the incidence of informal taxation on inequality in access to school?

Start date: 18/01/2021

Completed

Tax and Gender in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Start date: 01/03/2021
Alex Kombat
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Research Affiliate
Eugénie Ribault
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Doctoral Fellow
Headshot of Ezera Madzivanyika
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Research Affiliate
Frederik Heitmüller
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Associate Postdoctoral Fellow
Hannelore Niesten
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Associate Postdoctoral Fellow
Jalia Kangave
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Associate Research Fellow
Michael Rogan
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Research Affiliate
Mick Moore
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Research Fellow & Publications Editor
Najibullah Nor Isak
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Research Affiliate
Nana Akua Anyidoho
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Research Affiliate
Nicolas Orgeira Pillai
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Doctoral Fellow
Headshot of Oyebola Okunogbe
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Research Affiliate
Rhiannon McCluskey
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Research Affiliate
Ronald Waiswa
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Research Affiliate
Samuel Jibao
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Research Affiliate
Seid Yimam Mohamed
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Doctoral Fellow
Tanya Bandula-Irwin
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Research Affiliate
Umair Javed
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Research Affiliate
Wilson Prichard
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Associate Research Fellow, ICTD and Chair, LoGRI

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