Tax and Informality

Research Theme

Informality and Tax

While research has historically focused on formal systems of taxation and user fees, there is mounting evidence of the importance of “informal” taxation for average taxpayers in much of Africa. While lying outside of statutory laws, the “tax-like” payments – which include informal user fees, informal contributions to community development projects, and informal payments to both state and non-state officials – impose a significant burden on many taxpayers, while playing a critical role in financing local public goods and services and shaping broader local governance.

Our research aims to map the extent, composition and experiences of these payments, and to understand their implications for livelihoods, fiscal decentralisation, service delivery and broader local governance reform. One strand of our work looks closely at taxation in fragile settings, examining the challenges, risks, and opportunities it presents for peacebuilding, state-building, and citizen engagement.

We have also established a Community of Practice on Informality and Tax, a global network of practitioners and scholars committed to improving both knowledge and policy on how tax authorities engage with informal economies.

Tax and Informality

Led By

Informality and Tax Library

Partner Publication

What Are We Taxing? Turnover, Profits and Policy in the Informal Economy

October 2026
Michael Rogan, Max Gallien, Nwabisa Malimba, Tamaryn Friderichs, Sandie Phakathi

Partner Publication

Afghanistan: the collapse of the roadblock state

September 2026
David Mansfield

Research in Brief

Variations in Accountability Systems of Informal Taxation Across Regions in Kaduna State

July 2026
Jacob Aondohemba Iormbagah

Report

Taxing Smarter: Advancing Reform Through Research and Partnership

July 2026

African Tax Administration Paper

Tax Competition and Fragmentation in Somalia: Implications for Revenue Mobilisation

June 2026
Najibullah Nor Isak

Journal Article

‘Escaping Isn’t for Everyone’: Kurdish Smugglers’ Navigational Tactics at Checkpoints in Iran

May 2026
Peyman Zinati

Journal Article

Opium Pathways: Mountains, Mules and Resource Extraction in Shan State, Myanmar

May 2026
John Buchanan

Journal Article

Isbaaro: Checkpoints and World Making beyond the State in Somalia

May 2026
Peer Schouten, Abdirahman Edle Ali, Jethro Norman

Journal Article

The Politics of Passage: Studying Checkpoints and Claim Making in Conflict-affected Settings

May 2026
Peer Schouten, Vanessa van den Boogaard, Max Gallien, Shalaka Thakur, Florian Weigand

Journal Article

State–Crime Cooperation and Extra-legal Governance in Colombia and Venezuela

April 2026
Jorge Mantilla

Journal Article

Roadblocks, Relationality and Resilient Resistance in Pre-coup Myanmar

April 2026
Gerard McCarthy, Kyle Nyana

Journal Article

Beyond the Rebel ‘Territorial Trap’: Governing Armed Sovereign Formations in Eastern Myanmar

March 2026
Tony Neil, Saw Day Chit

In person

26 October 2022 – 15:00

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Timezone: Europe/Helsinki

Katajanokanlaituri 6b, Helsinki, Finland
Giulia Mascagni presents at the WIDER Seminar Series on 26 October 2022 in Finland. Register today for this hybrid event!

Virtual

3 May 2022 – 17:00

•

Timezone: Europe/London

We are thrilled to officially launch the ‘Routledge Handbook of Smuggling’ with an introduction by its editors, some of its authors, and a discussion of key issues in the contemporary study of smuggling. Confirmed speakers: Max Gallien, Research Fellow, Institute

Virtual

11 May 2021 – 14:00

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Timezone: Europe/London

This upcoming webinar, Informal taxation and community-driven development: Evidence from south-central Somalia, is part of a series of 5 seminars on Tax and Development jointly organised by the Chr. Michelsen Institute and the TaxCapDev-network. The webinar series features ongoing research

15 July 2020 – 14:00

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Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Library Road, Falmer, Brighton, UK

COVID-19 has had a huge impact on the health and economies of countries all over the world. Some of the hardest hit have been low-income informal sector workers. This event will discuss the impacts the global pandemic has had so

Current

Zakat, tax and the state: Obligation and charity in times of Covid-19

Start date: 01/11/2020

Current

Not-so-freeway-informal taxation and the everyday cost of conflict in Northeast India

Start date: 01/03/2020

Completed

Disentangling the Effects of Ethnicity and Social Intermediaries on Informal Sector Tax in Lagos, Nigeria

Start date: 01/03/2020

Current

Formalization, Tax Appeals, and Social Intermediaries in Lagos, Nigeria

Start date: 29/11/2019
Alex Kombat
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Research Affiliate
Eugénie Ribault
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Doctoral Fellow
Headshot of Ezera Madzivanyika
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Research Affiliate
Frederik Heitmüller
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Associate Postdoctoral Fellow
Hannelore Niesten
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Associate Postdoctoral Fellow
Jalia Kangave
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Associate Research Fellow
Michael Rogan
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Research Affiliate
Mick Moore
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Research Fellow & Publications Editor
Najibullah Nor Isak
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Research Affiliate
Nana Akua Anyidoho
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Research Affiliate
Nicolas Orgeira Pillai
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Doctoral Fellow
Headshot of Oyebola Okunogbe
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Research Affiliate
Rhiannon McCluskey
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Research Affiliate
Ronald Waiswa
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Research Affiliate
Samuel Jibao
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Research Affiliate
Seid Yimam Mohamed
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Doctoral Fellow
Tanya Bandula-Irwin
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Research Affiliate
Umair Javed
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Research Affiliate
Wilson Prichard
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Associate Research Fellow, ICTD and Chair, LoGRI

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